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The maritime republics ((イタリア語:repubbliche marinare)) of the Mediterranean Basin were thalassocratic city-states which flourished in Italy and Dalmatia during the Middle Ages. The best known among the maritime republics were Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Ragusa, and Amalfi. Less prominent were Gaeta,〔Touring Club Italiano, ''Lazio'' Touring Editore, 1981 (p. 743); Giovanna Bergamaschi, ''Arte in Italia: guida ai luoghi ed alle opere dell'Italia artistica'', Electa, 1983 (p. 243); Salvatore Aurigemma, Angelo de Santis, ''Gaeta, Formia, Minturno''.〕 Ancona,〔Peris Persi, in ''Conoscere l'Italia'', vol. Marche, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara 1982 (p. 74); AA.VV. ''Meravigliosa Italia, Enciclopedia delle regioni'', edited by Valerio Lugoni, Aristea, Milano; Guido Piovene, in ''Tuttitalia'', Casa Editrice Sansoni, Firenze & Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara (p. 31); Pietro Zampetti, in ''Itinerari dell'Espresso'', vol. Marche, edited by Neri Pozza, Editrice L'Espresso, Rome, 1980〕 Noli.〔Società internazionale per lo studio del Medioevo latino, Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo, ''Medioevo latino, Volume 28'' (p. 1338); Giuseppe Gallo, ''La Repubblica di Genova tra nobili e popolari (1257–1528)'', edizioni De Ferrari, 1997〕 From the 10th to the 13th centuries they built fleets of ships both for their own protection and to support extensive trade networks across the Mediterranean, giving them an essential role in the Crusades. ==Overview== The maritime republics were city-states. They were generally republics in that they were formally independent, though most of them originated from territories once formally belonging to the Byzantine Empire (the main exceptions being Genoa and Pisa). During the time of their independence, all these cities had similar (though not identical) systems of government, in which the merchant class had considerable power. The maritime republics were heavily involved in the Crusades, providing transport and support but most especially taking advantage of the political and trading opportunities resulting from these wars. The Fourth Crusade, originally intended to liberate Jerusalem, actually entailed the Venetian conquest of Zara and Constantinople. Each of the maritime republics had dominion over different overseas lands, including many Mediterranean islands, and especially Sardinia and Corsica, lands on the Adriatic, Aegean Sea, and Black Sea (Crimea), and commercial colonies in the Near East and North Africa. Venice stands out from the rest in that it maintained enormous tracts of land in Greece, Cyprus, Istria and Dalmatia until as late as the mid-17th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「maritime republics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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